An Accurate History about Palestine, Israel, and the "Palestinians," Part III (1956-1966)

PART III

The 1956 Sinai Campaign
In the early 1950s, Egypt violated the terms of the Armistice Agreement it had signed with Israel after the 1948 War of Independence. They blocked Israeli ships from passing through the Suez Canal, a major international waterway. It also began to block traffic through the Straits of Tiran linking the port of Eilat, in the south of Israel, to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. This seriously damaged Israel's trade with Asia.

The Arab fedayun/fedayeen from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria continued to infiltrate across the border in order to maintain their attacks against Jewish civilians and military outposts. Arab infiltration and Israeli retaliation became a regular pattern and though Israel hoped its reactionary behavior would discourage more invasions, in 1955 alone, 260 Israeli innocent civilians were murdered or wounded by fedayeen.

In July 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, threatening British and French interests in oil supplies and western trade.

Since everyone had converging interests, Israel, Britain, and France planned an attack on Egypt, and on October 29, 1956, Israel began its assault on Egyptian military positions. She captured the whole of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula. On October 31, 1956, France and Britain joined in and the hostilities ended on November 5, 1956, only seven days after it began. Israel didn't withdraw until 1957.

The United States had no knowledge of this attack, voiced strong opposition (due to its fear of the USSR and its interest in the Middle East), and urged Israel to withdraw from Egyptian territory. The UN stationed itself along the Egypt-Israeli border to prevent a blockage and further infiltrations, but Israel warned them that if Egypt blockaded the Gulf of Aqaba, it wouldn't hold back.

After the 1956 Suez Crisis

There was an uneasy truce after the Suez Crisis, but Arab states started competing among themselves for power and dominance. To quiet internal dissent, the governments expanded and strengthened their anti-Israel feelings.

Palestine Liberation Organization

In 1964, to continue the war against Israel, the Arab states, at the first Arab League Summit meeting, formed the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization). It had the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine through armed struggle. The group used guerrilla tactics to attack Israel from Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, and Syria. The US and Israel considered it a terrorist organization until the Madrid Conference for peace in 1991, when the PLO decided to grow an alleged 'political' branch.

The PLO has a nominal legislative body, the Palestinian National Council (PNC), but most of their power is controlled by the PLO Executive Committee, made up of 18 people elected by the PNC. Yasser Arafat was the chamber of the PLO Executive Committee from 1969 until his death in 2004.

He was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas (a.k.a. Abu Mazen). He is also a member of the Fatah party. He was elected to serve until January 9, 2009, but due to internal conflict, he unilaterally extended his term for another year and, since then, has not stepped down. Because of this, Hamas (Fatah's main rival and founded in 1987, to be addressed later) announced it would not recognize Abbas. 

Mahmoud Abbas is a terrorist. He financed the 1972 Munich Massacre, but since he was the best of the worst (other high ranking "Palestinians" were under arrest for multiple murders), he emerged as a leader. 

In February 1966, a coup d'etat took place in Syria, and the government was replaced by a union of the party's Military Committee and the Regional Command, ruled by Salah Jadid. This new government further increased the anti-Israel rhetoric as well as the infiltrations into Israeli territory.

Fatah

Fatah is formerly known as the Palestinian National Liberation Movement. It has had a strong involvement in revolutionary struggle and has maintained a number of militant groups. Its charter allows anyone who believes in the liberation of Palestine to be a member. It states, "Revolution is our path to freedom, independence, and construction. It is a revolution until victory ..."

This movement and this work are a national trust and a historic responsibility. You must shoulder the precious trust and recognize the historic responsibility. You must prepare yourself to inspire the spirit of organized revolutionary work in every Arab soul that is sincere to Palestine and that believes in its liberation. Let us train ourselves to be patient and to face ordeals, bear calamities, sacrifice our souls, blood, time and effort. All these are the weapons of revolutionaries. Therefore, Brother, do not stop. With the calm of the workers, the silence of the sincere, the determination of the revolutionaries, the resolve of the believers, and the patience of the strugglers, you must act quickly because our people cannot spare a single moment after our tragedy continued throughout all those long years. You must know that our enemy is strong and the battle is ferocious and long. You must know that determination, patience, secrecy, confidentiality, adherence to the principles and goals of the revolution, keep us from stumbling and shorten the path to liberation. Go forward to revolution. Long live Palestine, free and Arab.

An Accurate History of Palestine, Israel, and the "Palestinians," Part II (1948 - Early 1950s)

PART II

War of 1948
One day after the State of Israel was born, on May 15, 1948, no less than five Arab nations invaded Israel. The new State fought against Syria and Lebanon in the north, Iraq and Transjordan (Jordan) in the east, Egypt (assisted by contingents from the Sudan) in the south, and Arabs and volunteers from other Arab countries from within. Being that Israel had just been born, these five Arab countries had superior armor, artillery, and air forces.

On May 31, the Haganah was renamed the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) and suffered initial setbacks, but after three weeks, they were able to halt the offensive, stabilize the front, and even initiate some local offensive operations. By mid-July 1949, Israel was able to capture the upper Galilee, the Negev in the south (which had been allotted to the Jewish State by the UN), and end the war. The Arab countries signed Armistice Agreements; first came Egypt on February 24, 1949, Lebanon on March 23, 1949, Jordan on April 3, 1949, and Syria on July 20, 1949. Only Iraq did not sign an agreement. It preferred to withdraw its troops and hand over its sector to the Arab Legion of Jordan. In the end, not only did Israel eject the Arab forces, but it also took 5,000 square kilometers over and above the areas allocated to it by the United Nations.

As soon as the armistice agreements were signed, the IDF was disbanded. But it was too soon to do so. The former Arabs of Palestine (and neighboring Arab countries, in an effort to show Israel and the rest of the Arabs that they hadn't given up the war) started sending suicide troops across the ill-protected border to steal farm equipment, laying of mines, killing of individuals, and wholesale massacres. They were trained, equipped, and paid by Egyptian intelligence, but they operated from bases in Jordan (which caused Jordan to bear the brunt of the retaliation). Each time Israel would retaliate, the UN Security Council would condemn it.

Post-1948 War through the Early 1950s
Despite the refugee problem being admittedly caused by the Arabs fleeing (due to the Arab Higher Committee encouraging them to leave their lands) and the surrounding Arab states, Israel was still willing to take back the Arabs who had scattered in the hopes of an Arab victory in 1948.

On November 19, 1948, the General Assembly created the UN Relief for Palestinian Refugees, later renamed UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) to dispense aid to the refugees. The Arab refugees of Palestine are the only refugee group that gets their own UN organization. All other refugees utilize the UN Refugee Agency. Regardless, UNRWA was originally given a budget of $50 million to assist the estimated 650,000-711,000 Arab refugees of Palestine (according to the UN).

According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, a refugee is someone who has been forced to leave a country because of war or for religious or political reasons. Recall that Israel never forced the Arabs to leave Palestine/Israel. In fact, Israel insisted and requested that they stay and help them build the country. The Arabs were the ones who rejected the Jewish request and abandoned their property.

According to the UN Refugee Agency, pursuant to the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is someone "who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country" (emphasis added).

On another section of the UNHCR website, refugee is defined as "someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence." Again, the Jews of Palestine practically begged the Arabs to stay; the Jews were not the reason the Arabs left.

Additionally, the new Israeli government was more than willing to take the Arabs back into the country. The Arabs rejected this offer (see below).

[Note: For this reason alone, there are no Arab refugees from Palestine. For argument's sake, even if there were, the number would be limited to the original 650,000-711,000. Refugee status does not extend to additional generations. There is no international law that provides for this and no other refugee group can, or does, claim this. Despite this, Arabs from Palestine insist that their descendants are entitled to keep this label (and UNRWA supports it), thus making the number of "Palestinian refugees" an unwieldy and ridiculous five million people. And reductio ad absurdum, if you continued along these lines another 20-30 years, you would have over thirty million Arabs claiming the Right of Return to Israel.

In the history of the world, all refugees have eventually been assimilated (since WWII, 165 million). All but one -- the Arabs of Palestine. Due to the application of the definition of refugee, all numbers of refugees have declined to zero (either from absorption or from them dying off); all except the Arabs of Palestine. Their numbers have increased, despite all rules of law and mathematics.

We won't discuss here the ignored issue of the Jewish refugees, mainly because Israel absorbed them as soon as they fled and arrived in Israel.

For a more in depth conversation on the refugee issue, please refer to my already written blog, There Are No Refugees.]

According to UNRWA (now the largest UN agency, with a staff of over 30,000) and the US Department of State, from 1950-1999, the US gave $2,222,000,000.00 to UNRWA. That's over $2 BILLION (with a "B"). As of 2012, the US has given a total of $4,300,510,350.00 to UNRWA, whose only focus is the Arabs from Palestine alleged refugee problem. In 2010, the European Commission gave UNRWA $165 million. That same year, Sweden gave $47 million, the UK gave $45 million, Norway gave $40 million, and the Netherlands gave $29 million.

On December 11, 1948, the UN passed Resolution 194, which stated that, "refugees willing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so ... and that compensation should be paid for property of those choosing not to return..." (emphasis added). Those emphasized words show that the UN did not expect Israel to repatriate a hostile population that might endanger its security. The solution to the problem would have to include resettlement of Arabs into neighboring Arab countries. Israelis did not expect the resettlement issue to be a problem, but the Arabs were, still, unwilling to negotiate and cooperate and unanimously rejected the UN Resolution, on claimed moral and political grounds.

The only country that has assimilated, in significant numbers, the Arabs of Palestine is Jordan. No other Arab country has absorbed them or given them full citizenship despite the fact that many of them were born in those countries and have lived there for years.